tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48593243394318443452024-02-20T17:02:27.024-05:00Sports InjuriesThis blog has transformed into sports injuries blog for doctors, Coachs, Trainers and athelets on what new research articles have been presented in addition to my own article contributions. You can find information on football, basketball, baseball, running, cycling, lacrosse, soccer, swimming and many other sports injuries, training advice, nutrition and overall trends in Sports medicine.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.comBlogger280125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-77916936690456413732012-04-07T09:11:00.000-04:002012-04-07T09:12:00.013-04:00Foot Posture and Patellar Tendon Pain Among Adult Volleyball Players<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Fulltext/2012/03000/Foot_Posture_and_Patellar_Tendon_Pain_Among_Adult.15.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Foot Posture and Patellar Tendon Pain Among Adult Volleyball Players<div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">de Groot, Reinier; Malliaras, Peter; Munteanu, Shannon; Payne, Craig; Morrissey, Dylan; Maffulli, Nicola</span></span></div>
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Objective: We hypothesized that individuals with a normal foot posture would be less likely to experience patellar tendon pain and pathology than those with a pronated or supinated foot.</div>
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Design: Observational study. </div>
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Setting: Field-based study among competing athletes. </div>
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Participants: Volleyball players competing in the Victorian State League, Australia. </div>
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Assessment of Risk Factors: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is common in sports involving running and jumping and can severely limit athletes' ability to compete. Several studies have investigated potential etiological factors for the development of PT, but little is known about the association between PT and foot posture. Main Outcome Measures: Static foot posture index (FPI), patellar tendon pain during single-leg decline squatting, and gray scale ultrasound imaging were measured in 78 recreational to elite volleyball players (48 men and 30 women).</div>
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Results: Men with patellar tendon pain were more likely to have a normal foot posture and men without pain were more likely to be pronated according to the FPI (P < 0.05). Women showed no association between FPI and pain or imaging (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Men with a normal foot posture were more likely to have PT compared to men with a pronated foot type.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-7066251266586333892012-03-15T09:10:00.000-04:002012-03-15T09:10:26.661-04:00Serum Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Cortisol Concentrations are Associated With Overreaching During Strenuous Military Training<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/03000/Serum_Sex_Hormone_Binding_Globulin_and_Cortisol.28.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Serum Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Cortisol Concentrations are </a><span style="color: black; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/03000/Serum_Sex_Hormone_Binding_Globulin_and_Cortisol.28.aspx" style="text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Associated With Overreaching During Strenuous Military Training<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; height: 17px; opacity: 0.4;"><div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="entry-source-title-parent">from <a class="entry-source-title" href="http://www.google.com/reader/view/feed/http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fnsca-jscr%2F_layouts%2FOAKS.Journals%2Ffeed.aspx%3FFeedType%3DCurrentIssue?hl=en" style="display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research - Current Issue</a></span> <span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">Tanskanen, Minna M; Kyröläinen, Heikki; Uusitalo, Arja L; Huovinen, Jukka; Nissilä, Juuso; Kinnunen, Hannu; Atalay, Mustafa; Häkkinen, Keijo</span></span></span></div>
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Tanskanen, MM, Kyröläinen, H, Uusitalo, AL, Huovinen, J, Nissilä, J, Kinnunen, H, Atalay, M, and Häkkinen, K. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and cortisol concentrations are associated with overreaching during strenuous military training. J Strength Cond Res 25(3): 787-797, 2011-</div>
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The purpose was (a) to study the effect of an 8-week Finnish military basic training period (BT) on physical fitness, body composition, mood state, and serum biochemical parameters among new conscripts; (b) to determine the incidence of overreaching (OR); and (c) to evaluate whether initial levels or training responses differ between OR and noOR subjects. Fifty-seven males (19.7 ± 0.3 years) were evaluated before and during BT. Overreaching subjects had to fulfill 3 of 5 criteria: decreased aerobic physical fitness (V̇O2max), increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 45-minute submaximal test at 70% of V̇O2max or sick absence from these tests, increased somatic or emotional symptoms of OR, and high incidence of sick absence from daily service. </div>
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V̇O2max improved during the first 4 weeks of BT. During the second half of BT, a stagnation of increase in V̇O2max was observed, basal serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased, and insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol decreased. Furthermore, submaximal exercise-induced increases in cortisol, maximum heart rate, and postexercise increase in blood lactate were blunted.</div>
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Of 57 subjects, 33% were classified as OR. They had higher basal SHBG before and after 4 and 7 weeks of training and higher basal serum cortisol at the end of BT than noOR subjects. In addition, in contrast to noOR, OR subjects exhibited no increase in basal testosterone/cortisol ratio but a decrease in maximal La/RPE ratio during BT. As one-third of the conscripts were overreached, training after BT should involve recovery training to prevent overtraining syndrome from developing. The results confirm that serum SHBG, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol and maximal La/RPE ratios could be useful tools to indicate whether training is too strenuous.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-86095711402087559852012-03-14T13:16:00.002-04:002012-03-14T13:16:36.383-04:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td valign="top">Topic:</td><td valign="top"><b><a href="http://www.vitasearch.com/get-clp-summary/40160" target="_top">Short Term Effects of Antioxidants and Zinc Supplements on Oxidative Stress</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">Keywords:</td><td valign="top"><b>OXIDATIVE STRESS, MACULAR DEGENERATION</b> - <i>Antioxidants, Zinc</i></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">Reference:</td><td valign="top"><i>"The Short-term Effects of Antioxidant and Zinc Supplements on Oxidative Stress Biomarker Levels in Plasma: A Pilot Investigation," Brantley MA Jr, Osborn MP, et al, Am J Ophthalmol, 2012 Feb 28; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA).</i></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top">Summary:</td><td valign="top">In a prospective, interventional case series study involving 19 subjects, 12 of whom had intermediate or advanced age-related macular degeneration AND 7 who served as controls, dietary supplementation with 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 15 mg beta-carotene, 80 mg zinc oxide, and 2 mg cupric oxide, while adhering to a controlled diet, for a period of 7 days was found to be associated with significantly lower mean plasma levels of cystine (CySS).</td></tr>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-12587618577306349582012-03-13T12:06:00.000-04:002012-03-13T12:11:11.638-04:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/112/5/849?rss=1" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Supraspinal fatigue impedes recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction in old adults</a></h2>
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This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction.<br />
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Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 yr, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 yr, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 min, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The time to failure was associated with initial peak rates of relaxation of muscle fibers and pressor response (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Increments in torque (superimposed twitch; SIT) generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during brief MVCs, increased during the fatiguing contraction (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and then decreased during recovery (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The increase in the SIT was greater for the old adults than the young adults during the fatiguing contraction and recovery (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Recovery of MVC torque was less for old than young adults at 10 min post-fatiguing contraction (75.1 ± 8.7 vs. 83.6 ± 7.8% of control MVC, respectively, <i>P</i> = 0.01) and was associated with the recovery of the SIT (<i>r</i> = –0.59,<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.35, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and the silent period elicited during the fatiguing contraction increased less for old adults than young adults (<i>P</i> < 0.05).<br />
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The greater fatigue resistance with age during a low-intensity sustained contraction was attributable to mechanisms located within the muscle.<br />
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Recovery of maximal strength after the low-intensity fatiguing contraction however, was impeded more for old adults than young because of greater supraspinal fatigue. Recovery of strength could be an important variable to consider in exercise prescription of old populations.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-58550076983768138392012-03-12T09:51:00.004-04:002012-03-12T09:51:44.625-04:00What Strains the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During a Pivot Landing?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/3/574?rss=1" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">What Strains the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During a Pivot Landing?</a></h2>
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<div class="contributors" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal;">
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Youkeun+K.+Oh&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Youkeun K. Oh</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=David+B.+Lipps&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">David B. Lipps</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MS</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=James+A.+Ashton-Miller&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">James A. Ashton-Miller</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-4" id="xref-aff-4-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">§</a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Edward+M.+Wojtys&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Edward M. Wojtys</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-corresp" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‖</a><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-5" id="xref-aff-5-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">¶</a><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#aff-4" id="xref-aff-4-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">§</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="affiliation-list-reveal" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a class="view-more" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: gray; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #202088; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 0.9em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1.3em;">+</a>Author Affiliations</div>
<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">*</sup>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-2" name="aff-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">†</sup>Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-3" name="aff-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">‡</sup>School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-4" name="aff-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">§</sup>Bone and Joint Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-5" name="aff-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">¶</sup>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and MedSport, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: list-item; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-6" name="aff-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
Investigation performed at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan</address>
</li>
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<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="rev-xref" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/3/574.abstract?rss=1#xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">↵</a><span class="corresp-label" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">‖</span> Edward M. Wojtys, MD, MedSport, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, PO Box 391, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-0391 (e-mail:<a href="mailto:edwojtys@umich.edu" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">edwojtys@umich.edu</a>).</li>
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Presented at the 37th annual meeting of the AOSSM, San Diego, California, July 2011.</div>
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<b>Background</b>: The relative contributions of an axial tibial torque and frontal plane moment to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain during pivot landings are unknown.<br />
<br />
<b>Hypothesis</b>: The peak normalized relative strain in the anteromedial (AM) bundle of the ACL is affected by the direction of the axial tibial torque but not by the direction of the frontal plane moment applied concurrently during a simulated jump landing.<br />
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<b>Study Design</b>: Controlled and descriptive laboratory studies.<br />
<br />
<b>Methods</b>: Fifteen adult male knees with pretensioned knee muscle-tendon unit forces were loaded under a simulated pivot landing test. Compression, flexion moment, internal or external tibial torque, and knee varus or valgus moment were simultaneously applied to the distal tibia while recording the 3D knee loads and tibiofemoral kinematics. The AM-ACL relative strain was measured using a 3-mm differential variable reluctance transducer. The results were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed–rank tests. A 3D dynamic biomechanical knee model was developed using ADAMS and validated to help interpret the experimental results.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b>: The mean (SD) peak AM-ACL relative strain was 192% greater (<i>P</i> < .001) under the internal tibial torque combined with a knee varus or valgus moment (7.0% [3.9%] and 7.0% [4.1%], respectively) than under external tibial torque with the same moments (2.4% [2.5%] and 2.4% [3.2%], respectively). The knee valgus moment augmented the AM-ACL strain due to the slope of the tibial plateau inducing mechanical coupling (ie, internal tibial rotation and knee valgus moment); this augmentation occurred before medial knee joint space opening.<br />
<b><br /></b><br />
<b>Conclusion</b>: An internal tibial torque combined with a knee valgus moment is the worst-case ACL loading condition. However, it is the internal tibial torque that primarily causes large ACL strain.<br />
<b><br /></b><br />
<b>Clinical Relevance</b>: Limiting the maximum coefficient of friction between the shoe and playing surface should limit the peak internal tibial torque that can be applied to the knee during jump landings, ther</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-31332629211023694312012-03-08T10:25:00.001-05:002012-03-08T10:25:19.129-05:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Retention of Movement Pattern Changes After a Lower Extremity Injury Prevention Program Is Affected by Program Duration</h1>
<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Darin+A.+Padua&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Darin A. Padua</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD, ATC</span><a class="xref-corresp" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Lindsay+J.+DiStefano&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Lindsay J. DiStefano</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD, ATC</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>,</li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Stephen+W.+Marshall&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Stephen W. Marshall</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">§</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Anthony+I.+Beutler&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Anthony I. Beutler</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-4" id="xref-aff-4-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‖</a>,</li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Sarah+J.+de+la+Motte&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Sarah J. de la Motte</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD, ATC</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-4" id="xref-aff-4-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‖</a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Michael+J.+DiStefano&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Michael J. DiStefano</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MA, ATC</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="affiliation-list-reveal" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a class="view-more" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: gray; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #581858; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 0.9em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1.3em;">+</a>Author Affiliations</div>
<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">†</sup>Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-2" name="aff-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‡</sup>Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-3" name="aff-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">§</sup>Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-4" name="aff-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‖</sup>Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-5" name="aff-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
Investigation performed at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill</address>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="rev-xref" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/40/2/300.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">↵</a><span class="corresp-label" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">*</span> Darin A. Padua, PhD, ATC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 216 Fetzer Gym CB#8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (<a href="mailto:dpadua@email.unc.edu" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">dpadua@email.unc.edu</a>).</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background</strong>: Changes in movement patterns have been repeatedly observed immediately after completing a lower extremity injury prevention program. However, it is not known if movement pattern changes are maintained after discontinuing the training program.</div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Hypothesis</strong>: The ability to maintain movement pattern changes after training has ceased may be influenced by the program’s duration. The authors hypothesized that among individuals who completed either a 3-month or 9-month training program and who demonstrated immediate movement pattern changes, only those who completed the 9-month training program would maintain movement pattern changes after a 3-month period of no longer performing the exercises.</div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Study Design</strong>: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.</div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods</strong>: A total of 140 youth soccer athletes from 15 separate teams volunteered to participate. Athletes’ movement patterns were assessed using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) at pretest, posttest, and 3 months after ceasing the program (retention test). Eighty-four of the original 140 participants demonstrated improvements in their LESS scores between pretest and posttest (change in LESS score >0) and were included in the final analyses for this study (n = 84; 20 boys and 64 girls; mean age, 14 ± 2 years; age range, 11-17 years). Teams performed 3-month (short-duration group) and 9-month (extended-duration group) injury prevention programs. The exercises performed were identical for both groups. Teams performed the programs as part of their normal warm-up routine.</div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results</strong>: Although both groups improved their total LESS scores from pretest to posttest, only the extended-duration training group retained their improvements 3 months after ceasing the injury prevention program (F<sub style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">2,137</sub> = 3.38; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .04).</div>
<div id="p-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</strong>: Results suggest that training duration may be an important factor to consider when designing injury prevention programs that facilitate long-term changes in movement control.</div>
</div>
<h3 class="kwd-header" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.4em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Keywords:</h3>
<ul class="kwd-group" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.833em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=injury+prevention&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">injury prevention</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=motor+learning&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">motor learning</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=ACL&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ACL</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=soccer&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">soccer</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=movement+control&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">movement control</a></span></li>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-18439480034755539152012-01-20T14:07:00.001-05:002012-01-20T14:08:35.096-05:00Champion System Pro Cycling 2012 - Beijing Great Wall Ride
I am back from my trip to China with Champion Systems Pro Cycling team what a great trip and fantastic organization to work with. I will be posting some more videos and pictures from camp but here is a nice video of the guys on a training ride to the Great Wall!</div>
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<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-81519091989668356042012-01-10T01:30:00.001-05:002012-01-10T01:46:07.633-05:00Champion System pro Cycling team & Recovery Doc in China!We are a few days into training camp here in Hong Kong and are packing up the team for our next leg of the trip in Beijing. We all are having a great time mixing cultures from Asia, Europe and the US. We had a Great team building exercise learning the dance of the dragon yesterday. For me it has been fantastic to learn about this great culture and all of its traditions. Looking forward to getting the team issued there RestWise device for recovery management in a few days and teaching the team about all of my advanced Recovery Technique. This post is from my phone so forgive me for any mistakes..<div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPl3v6Fc9R7BfVuMvT4F5WXsV53F02fo7qy8wxvu0-X8mPAbgx_oI5xS1MC-KeRr09AAt25lwA-fdTJks9RpLeSogHTJqx1NSGHXclsk3rJ5Wp7UPEPH2F6l8lXu_N0mLEXdfFa0GCH28/s640/blogger-image--664670955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPl3v6Fc9R7BfVuMvT4F5WXsV53F02fo7qy8wxvu0-X8mPAbgx_oI5xS1MC-KeRr09AAt25lwA-fdTJks9RpLeSogHTJqx1NSGHXclsk3rJ5Wp7UPEPH2F6l8lXu_N0mLEXdfFa0GCH28/s640/blogger-image--664670955.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXTtHwTHyEr1iu9QBTM1R5BUkDM-SygmMus2PAYRBuvixrvTMYDbpLFdLv0vQ4LpmIhFiZXpq7jR1Dk5xwdWGUphjZSSN9RIB63d-ZdQp9wljwK6z-j6DJfrWGzzJfTNZcFSH-_yAfUcU/s640/blogger-image-1536281973.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXTtHwTHyEr1iu9QBTM1R5BUkDM-SygmMus2PAYRBuvixrvTMYDbpLFdLv0vQ4LpmIhFiZXpq7jR1Dk5xwdWGUphjZSSN9RIB63d-ZdQp9wljwK6z-j6DJfrWGzzJfTNZcFSH-_yAfUcU/s640/blogger-image-1536281973.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv3rcqRaCWYEbrgOhTgHsKo7YYtUUmlVdXyJbxaGiBaWzp9vEw9UPiVqB2GGH_4R0F7Hx6QtzUuu8ZQAdyRhq-FQ623tZb_SlEDlYgTYoIuC5RmXeOqir10hR7mYGUF_dSeCM-NgiYAhA/s640/blogger-image-404598186.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv3rcqRaCWYEbrgOhTgHsKo7YYtUUmlVdXyJbxaGiBaWzp9vEw9UPiVqB2GGH_4R0F7Hx6QtzUuu8ZQAdyRhq-FQ623tZb_SlEDlYgTYoIuC5RmXeOqir10hR7mYGUF_dSeCM-NgiYAhA/s640/blogger-image-404598186.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-25355684576336863992012-01-04T13:19:00.000-05:002012-01-04T13:25:26.911-05:00Champion Systems Pro cycling team names Dr. Rosa Team Chiropractor and Recovery Specialist!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">World's First Asian-based Professional Continental </span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Team name's Dr. Rosa Team Chiropractor and</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> Recovery consultant.</span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTl-axeaova8pA9fnrLCrwOyIpvcTlRqOQ54tzdvb4JDsgaUfR8JJ9DJU0Fgm9kxrxkaIp0fTivJF-Rv30mcnv-6qukxrdGWpCUnEf5RRZBi5OR_YPKNdGUw_YnQRu6cNinLsLWrqK0W0/s1600/champion+system.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #cccccc; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><img border="0" height="50" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTl-axeaova8pA9fnrLCrwOyIpvcTlRqOQ54tzdvb4JDsgaUfR8JJ9DJU0Fgm9kxrxkaIp0fTivJF-Rv30mcnv-6qukxrdGWpCUnEf5RRZBi5OR_YPKNdGUw_YnQRu6cNinLsLWrqK0W0/s320/champion+system.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">The new year brings a new cycling team that has asked me to work with them utilizing my state of the art recovery techingues to help their athletes recover faster and train harder. One of my primary tools will be the use of<a href="http://www.restwise.com/"> RestWise</a> a monitoring system that uses </span><span style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">physiological markers to help monitor the the athletes from any location that has internet access. I am looking forward to meeting everyone on the team this weekend in China. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://teamchampionsystem.com/aboutus.php"><span style="color: #f95201; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Champion System</span>,</a> a leader in custom technical apparel, is proud to launch a new UCI Professional Continental Team registered in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 2012 season.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">This 18-25 member team will be the first Asian-based UCI Professional Continental Team featuring Asia's best cyclists on an international roster. The team will be composed of top riders from China & Asia as well as experienced European & Anglo professionals.</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #494747; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One of the primary goals of the team is to allow Asia's top cyclists to compete at the highest level of the sport. Until now opportunities for Asian racers to compete in major international competitions have been rare. Champion System Pro Cycling Team will now pave the way. We are convinced Asian racers have the potential to be competitive in international premier races if given the opportunity.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Besides racing in the major UCI tours in Asia, the team will also compete in professional tours in Europe and the U.S. with the goal to develop Asian-based World and Olympic champions.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cccccc;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/"><img border="0" height="53" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsvzrtjSRr7ln-4L77tfw2T1UZ0DFrL4vnZ9_4Wqrh6P3WAuAKEbzDL1i_M0wmNCp0rynEJ7517lu5Ct6tF9JwzThzYGiS4cvkA2frlSbH0CGpgUiKYID_dr-A-K8GcJBysasWWxV02_M/s200/recoverydoc_final.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<a href="http://www.restwise.com/"><img border="0" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJKqyCEFDovv5vZ7ZHMWXiTh6B_rfqXUvuCEaZWHTgYQzSFS__u2sMwV-jJJFhdK9tum_hVPZPeiM68eHP1ZCXJt4D1zoPIMGcECxPz2FzvQh9UFPxMhtzLWiaNWJDXUhTJbe7Njr5-5E/s200/restwiselogo.png" width="200" /></a>
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</span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-77178019219348552132011-12-31T09:58:00.000-05:002011-12-31T09:58:10.752-05:00Ankle braces on Injury rates in Football Players<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The Effect of Lace-up Ankle Braces on Injury Rates in High School Football Players</h1>
<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<li class="last" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Timothy+A.+McGuine&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Timothy A. McGuine</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD, ATC</span> <span class="contrib-email" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(<a href="mailto:tmcguine@uwhealth.org" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">tmcguine@uwhealth.org</a>)</span></li>
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin</address>
</li>
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<li class="last" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Scott+Hetzel&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Scott Hetzel</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MS</span></li>
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin</address>
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<li class="last" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=John+Wilson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">John Wilson</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD, MS</span></li>
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin</address>
</li>
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University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin</address>
</li>
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<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
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Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background:</strong> Although ankle injuries occur frequently in high school football players, no prospective studies have been performed to determine if wearing lace-up ankle braces will reduce the incidence and severity of ankle and other lower extremity injuries in these athletes.</div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose:</strong> This study was conducted to determine if lace-up ankle braces reduce the incidence and severity of lower extremity injuries sustained by high school football players.</div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Design:</strong> Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.</div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</strong> A total of 2081 players from 50 high schools were randomly assigned to a braced or control group. Braced group players wore lace-up ankle braces during the 2010 football season. Athletic trainers recorded brace compliance, athlete-exposures, and injuries. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to compare injury rates between groups. Injury severity (days lost) was tested with Wilcoxon rank sum.</div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</strong> The rate of acute ankle injury (per 1000 exposures) was 0.48 in the braced group compared with 1.12 in the control group (Cox hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.65; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> < .001). The severity (median days lost) of acute ankle injuries was the same (5 days) in both groups (<em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .985). The rate of acute knee injury was 0.70 in the braced group compared with 0.69 in the control group (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.57-1.47; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .721). There was no difference (<em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em>= .242) in the severity of knee injuries between the groups (controls = 11.5 days, braced = 17 days). The rate of other lower extremity injuries was 0.95 in the braced group and 1.32 in the control group (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.48-1.09; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .117), while the severity was similar in both groups (6 days vs 7 days; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .295).</div>
<div id="p-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion:</strong> Players who used lace-up ankle braces had a lower incidence of acute ankle injuries but no difference in the incidence of acute knee or other lower extremity injuries. Braces did not reduce the severity of ankle, knee, or other lower extremity injuries.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-59228248637406852232011-12-28T10:58:00.002-05:002011-12-28T10:58:36.900-05:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-weight: normal;">We are always looking for ways to determine the level of inflammation of an athlete as it relates to recovery. If the athlete is suffering from some type of pathology then inflammatory markers will help define the illness. When comes to recovery from various levels of training the jury is still out on that one. Take a look at this study:</span></span></h2>
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January 2012 - Volume 44 - Issue 1 - p 50–56</div>
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doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318229d2e9</div>
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Basic Sciences</div>
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2012/01000/Effect_of_Resistance,_Endurance,_and_Concurrent.7.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Effect of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Training on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP</a></h2>
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2012/01000/Effect_of_Resistance,_Endurance,_and_Concurrent.7.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">by <span class="entry-author-name">LIBARDI, CLEITON AUGUSTO; DE SOUZA, GIOVANA VERGÍNIA; CAVAGLIERI, CLAUDIA REGINA; MADRUGA, VERA APARECIDA; CHACON-MIKAHIL, MARA PATRÍCIA TRAINA</span></span></h2>
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 wk of resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and concurrent training (CT) on inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men. </div>
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Methods: Healthy subjects were randomized into RT (n = 11), ET (n = 12), CT (n = 11), and a control group (n = 13). The subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about 60 min for 16 wk. Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) was measured in an incremental exercise test. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div>
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Results: Maximal strength was increased after 16 wk, with no differences between RT and CT. V˙O2peak increased in ET and CT comparing before and after training. There were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP comparing before and after training. </div>
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Conclusions: Sixteen weeks of RT, ET, or CT in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. CT performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of ET and RT was effective in increasing both maximal strength and V˙O2peak, in addition to improvements in lipid profile.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-51583336445724451602011-12-21T15:46:00.002-05:002011-12-21T15:46:59.187-05:00Acute Effects of Verbal Feedback on Upper-Body Performance in Elite Athletes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research:</div>
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December 2011 - Volume 25 - Issue 12 - pp 3282-3287</div>
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doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182133b8c</div>
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Original Research</div>
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Acute Effects of Verbal Feedback on Upper-Body Performance in Elite Athletes</h2>
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Argus, Christos K; Gill, Nicholas D; Keogh, Justin WL; Hopkins, Will G</div>
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<a href="http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Abstract/2011/12000/Acute_Effects_of_Verbal_Feedback_on_Upper_Body.8.aspx" style="color: #113273; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="Collapse Box" border="0" id="img1" src="http://journals.lww.com/_layouts/1033/IMAGES/OAKS.Journals/icon-minus.gif" style="float: left;" /></a><h4 id="P10" style="clear: none; float: left; font-weight: bold; font: normal normal normal 15px/normal Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
Abstract</h4>
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Argus, CK, Gill, ND, Keogh, JWL, and Hopkins, WG. Acute effects of verbal feedback on upper-body performance in elite athletes. <em>J Strength Cond Res</em> 25(12): 3282–3287, 2011—Improved training quality has the potential to enhance training adaptations. Previous research suggests that receiving feedback improves single-effort maximal strength and power tasks, but whether quality of a training session with repeated efforts can be improved remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of verbal feedback on upper-body performance in a resistance training session consisting of multiple sets and repetitions in well-trained athletes. Nine elite rugby union athletes were assessed using the bench throw exercise on 4 separate occasions each separated by 7 days. Each athlete completed 2 sessions consisting of 3 sets of 4 repetitions of the bench throw with feedback provided after each repetition and 2 identical sessions where no feedback was provided after each repetition. When feedback was received, there was a small increase of 1.8% (90% confidence limits, ±2.7%) and 1.3% (±0.7%) in mean peak power and velocity when averaged over the 3 sets. When individual sets were compared, there was a tendency toward the improvements in mean peak power being greater in the second and third sets. These results indicate that providing verbal feedback produced acute improvements in upper-body power output of well-trained athletes. The benefits of feedback may be greatest in the latter sets of training and could improve training quality and result in greater long-term adaptation.</span><img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-65799117336816519132011-12-20T20:22:00.000-05:002011-12-20T20:24:13.581-05:00Which On-field Signs/Symptoms Predict Protracted Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion Among High School Football Players?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #403838; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit;">Which On-field Signs/Symptoms Predict Protracted Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion Among High School Football Players?</span><br />
<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Brian+C.+Lau&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Brian C. Lau</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-corresp" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Anthony+P.+Kontos&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Anthony P. Kontos</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Michael+W.+Collins&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Michael W. Collins</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Anne+Mucha&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Anne Mucha</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PT</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">§</a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Mark+R.+Lovell&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Mark R. Lovell</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a></li>
</ol>
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<a class="view-more" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: gray; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #581858; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 0.9em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1.3em;">+</a>Author Affiliations</div>
<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4859324339431844345" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">†</sup>University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4859324339431844345" id="aff-2" name="aff-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‡</sup>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4859324339431844345" id="aff-3" name="aff-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">§</sup>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4859324339431844345" id="aff-4" name="aff-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
Investigation performed at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</address>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="rev-xref" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2311.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">↵</a><span class="corresp-label" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">*</span> Brian C. Lau, MD, 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 (e-mail:<a href="mailto:blau10@gmail.com" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">blau10@gmail.com</a>).</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background</strong>: There has been increasing attention and understanding of sport-related concussions. Recent studies show that neurocognitive testing and symptom clusters may predict protracted recovery in concussed athletes. On-field signs and symptoms have not been examined empirically as possible predictors of protracted recovery.</div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose</strong>: This study was undertaken to determine which on-field signs and symptoms were predictive of a protracted (≥21 days) versus rapid (≤7 days) recovery after a sports-related concussion. On-field signs and symptoms included confusion, loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, retrograde amnesia, imbalance, dizziness, visual problems, personality changes, fatigue, sensitivity to light/noise, numbness, and vomiting.</div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Study Design</strong>: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.</div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods</strong>: The sample included 107 male high school football athletes who completed computerized neurocognitive testing within an average 2.4 days after injury, and who were followed until returned to play as determined by neuropsychologists using international clinical concussion management guidelines. Athletes were then grouped into rapid (≤7 days, n = 62) or protracted (≥21 days, n = 36) recovery time groups. The presence of on-field signs and symptoms was determined at the time of injury by trained sports medicine professionals (ie, ATC [certified athletic trainer], team physician). A series of odds ratios with χ<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">2</sup> analyses and subsequent logistic regression were used to determine which on-field signs and symptoms were associated with an increased risk for a protracted recovery.</div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results</strong>: Dizziness at the time of injury was associated with a 6.34 odds ratio (95% confidence interval = 1.34-29.91, χ<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">2</sup> = 5.44, <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .02) of a protracted recovery from concussion. Surprisingly, the remaining on-field signs and symptoms were not associated with an increased risk of protracted recovery in the current study.</div>
<div id="p-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</strong>: Assessment of on-field dizziness may help identify high school athletes at risk for a protracted recovery. Such information will improve prognostic information and allow clinicians to manage and treat concussion more effectively in these at-risk athletes.</div>
</div>
<h3 class="kwd-header" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.4em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Keywords:</h3>
<ul class="kwd-group" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.833em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=concussion&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">concussion</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=mild+traumatic+brain+injury+(mTBI)&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=signs/symptoms&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">signs/symptoms</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=neurocognitive+testing&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">neurocognitive testing</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=recovery+time&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">recovery time</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=prognosis&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #581858; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">prognosis</a></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<abbr class="slug-jnl-abbrev" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;" title="The American Journal of Sports Medicine">Am J Sports Med</abbr><span class="slug-pub-date" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;"> November 2011 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="slug-vol" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">vol. 39 </span><span class="slug-issue" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">no. 11 </span><span class="slug-pages" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">2311-2318</span>
</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-27603425449571366262011-12-17T09:17:00.002-05:002011-12-17T09:17:49.644-05:00Prevalence of Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Professional Athletes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prevalence of Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Professional Athletes</h1>
<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Bertrand+Sonnery-Cottet&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-corresp" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Pooler+Archbold&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Pooler Archbold</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Rachad+Zayni&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Rachad Zayni</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Juliano+Bortolletto&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Juliano Bortolletto</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Mathieu+Thaunat&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Mathieu Thaunat</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Thierry+Prost&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Thierry Prost</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-7" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Vitor+B.C.+Padua&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Vitor B.C. Padua</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">§</a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-8" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Pierre+Chambat&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Pierre Chambat</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="affiliation-list-reveal" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a class="view-more" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: gray; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #202088; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 0.9em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1.3em;">+</a>Author Affiliations</div>
<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">†</sup>Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-2" name="aff-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‡</sup>Agence Régionale de Santé Rhône-Alpes, Annecy, France</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-3" name="aff-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">§</sup>Clinica Hilario Maldonado, Marilia, Brazil</address>
</li>
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-4" name="aff-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
Investigation performed at The Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France</address>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="rev-xref" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/11/2371.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">↵</a><span class="corresp-label" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">*</span> Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet, MD, Centre Orthopédique Santy, 24 Avenue Paul Santy, 69008 Lyon, France (e-mail: <a href="mailto:sonnerycottet@aol.com" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">sonnerycottet@aol.com</a>).</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background</strong>: Septic arthritis of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a rare complication. Its prevalence and characteristics have never been reported among professional athletes.</div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose</strong>: To report the prevalence and the characteristics of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction in professional athletes and a general population of patients.</div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Study Design</strong>: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3.</div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods</strong>: A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 1957 patients who underwent an ACL reconstruction between 2003 and 2008 was performed; 88 patients were professional athletes. The patient demographics, the prevalence of infection, the involved organism, and the method of treatment were reviewed. Three potential risk factors for infection—level of sporting participation, indoor/outdoor sports, and the presence or not of a combined lateral tenodesis—were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.</div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results</strong>: The prevalence of septic arthritis was 0.37% in the nonprofessional group and 5.7% in the professional athlete population. Being a professional athlete (odds ratio [OR], 16.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9-59.8; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .0001) or having a combined lateral tenodesis (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.04-18.04; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .02) was found to be significantly correlated with septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction. A significant correlation exists between being a professional athlete and having a combined lateral tenodesis (χ<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">2</sup> = 16.7; <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = 4 × 10<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">−5</sup>), suggesting a potential confounding role is played by one of these variables. All the cases of infection in the professional athletes occurred in those who participated in outdoor sports, although this was not found to be statistically significant (<em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .17).</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</strong>: Participation in professional sports and having a combined lateral tenodesis are risk factors for the development of infection after ACL reconstruction. We hypothesize that professional athletes may be part of a specific group of patients at higher risk of infection after ACL reconstruction.</div>
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Keywords:</h3>
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<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=anterior+cruciate+ligament&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">anterior cruciate ligament</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=professional+athletes&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">professional athletes</a></span></li>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-68403254633201461232011-12-09T12:57:00.001-05:002011-12-09T12:58:24.904-05:00Watch Dr. Rosa on Sports Talk show with Glenn Harris<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-86890637282397901952011-12-02T09:53:00.001-05:002011-12-02T09:57:26.426-05:00Enhancing Jump Performance After Combined vs. Maximal Power, Heavy-Resistance, and Plyometric Training Alone<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/12000/Enhancing_Jump_Performance_After_Combined_vs_.7.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Enhancing Jump Performance After Combined vs. Maximal Power, Heavy-Resistance, and Plyometric Training Alone<div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">de Villarreal, Eduardo Sáez Sáez; Izquierdo, Mikel; Gonzalez-Badillo, Juan J</span></span><div class="entry-likers" style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 650px;">
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Sáez Sáez de villarreal, E, Izquierdo, M, and Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ. Enhancing jump performance after combined vs. maximal power, heavy-resistance, and plyometric training alone. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3274–3281, 2011—</div>
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 5 different stimuli on jumping ability and power production after 7 weeks of training. Sixty-five (47 men and 18 women) physical education students were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups that performed: combination of all training methods<b> (A); heavy-resistance training using full-squat exercise (i.e., 56–85% of 1 RM for 3–6 repetitions)</b> (B); power-oriented strength training using a parallel-squat exercise (i.e., 100–130% of load that maximizes power output for 2–6 repetitions) (C); power-oriented strength training using a loaded countermovement jumping (i.e., 70–100% of load that maximizes power output for 2–5 repetitions; countermovement jump [CMJ]) <b>(D); and plyometric jumping</b> (E). The CMJ (cm), loaded CMJ (cm), maximum rate of force development (RFDmax) during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (N·s−1) and power output during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (watts) were measured before and after 7 weeks of training. Significant improvements in CMJ (from 7.8 to 13.2%) were observed in all groups. </div>
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Significantly greater increases in power output during loaded jumps were observed in<b> A (10–13%) and D (8–12%) groups compared with in the other groups. </b></div>
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Significant increases in RFDmax were observed in A (20–30%), C (18–26%), and D (20–26%) groups. The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that if training program is designed and implemented correctly, both traditional slow velocity training and faster power-oriented strength training alone, or in combination with plyometric training, would provide a positive training stimulus to enhance jumping performance.</div>
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Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research:</div>
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December 2011 - Volume 25 - Issue 12 - pp 3274-3281</div>
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doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182163085</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-70037001026662120312011-11-30T12:37:00.001-05:002011-11-30T12:45:52.672-05:00Do Compression Garments Enhance the Active Recovery Process after High-Intensity Running?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2011/12000/Do_Compression_Garments_Enhance_the_Active.5.aspx" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Do Compression Garments Enhance the Active Recovery Process after High-Intensity Running?</a></h2>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">by</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="entry-author-name" style="color: #666666; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Lovell, Dale I; Mason, Dale G; Delphinus, Elias M; McLellan, Christopher P</span></h2>
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Lovell, DI, Mason, DG, Delphinus, EM, and McLellan, CP. Do compression garments enhance the active recovery process after high-intensity running? J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3264–3268, 2011—</div>
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This study examined the effect of wearing waist-to-ankle compression garments (CGs) on active recovery after moderate- and high-intensity submaximal treadmill running. </div>
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Twenty-five male semiprofessional rugby league players performed two 30-minute treadmill runs comprising of six 5-minute stages at 6 km·h−1, 10 km·h−1, approximately 85% V̇O2max, 6 km·h−1 as a recovery stage followed by approximately 85% V̇O2max and 6 km·h−1 wearing either CGs or regular running shorts in a randomized counterbalanced order with each person acting as his own control. All stages were followed by 30 seconds of rest during which a blood sample was collected to determine blood pH and blood lactate concentration [La−]. Expired gases and heart rate (HR) were measured during the submaximal treadmill tests to determine metabolic variables with the average of the last 2 minutes used for data analysis.</div>
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The HR and [La−] were lower (p ≤ 0.05) after the first and second 6 km·h−1 recovery bouts when wearing CGs compared with when wearing running shorts. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher and [La−] lower (p ≤ 0.05) after the 10 km·h−1 stage, and only RER was higher after both 85% V̇O2max stages when wearing CGs compared with when wearing running shorts.</div>
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There was no difference in blood pH at any exercise stage when wearing the CGs and running shorts. The results of this study indicate that the wearing of CGs may augment the active recovery process in reducing [La−] and HR after high-intensity exercise but not effect blood pH. The ability to reduce [La−] and HR has important consequences for many sports that are intermittent in nature and consist of repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with periods of low-intensity exercise or recovery.</div>
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<a name='more'></a> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-22988742041825038042011-11-18T09:08:00.001-05:002011-11-18T09:12:30.360-05:00Elite golfers' kinematic sequence in full-swing and partial-swing shots<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Elite golfers' kinematic sequence in full-swing and partial-swing shots</h1>
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Sports Biomechanics</h2>
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<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rspb20?open=9#vol_9" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">Volume 9</a>, <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rspb20/9/4" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">Issue 4</a>, 2010</h3>
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<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Tinmark%2C+Fredrik)" style="color: #104083; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: none;">Fredrik Tinmark</a><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">a</sup><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">b</sup><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">*</sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Hellstr%C3%B6m%2C+John)" style="color: #104083; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: none;">John Hellström</a><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">c</sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px;">, </span><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Halvorsen%2C+Kjartan)" style="color: #104083; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: none;">Kjartan Halvorsen</a><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">d</sup><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">e</sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px;"> &</span><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Thorstensson%2C+Alf)" style="color: #104083; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: none;">Alf Thorstensson</a><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">a</sup><sup style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">b</sup><br style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px;" /><div style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
pages 236-244</div>
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Abstract</h2>
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether kinematic proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) and speed-summation are common characteristics of both partial and full-swing shots in golf players of different skill levels and genders. A total of 45 golfers participated, 11 male tournament professionals, 21 male and 13 female elite amateurs. They performed partial shots with a wedge to targets at three submaximal distances, 40, 55 and 70 m, and full-swing shots with a 5 iron and a driver for maximal distance. Pelvis, upper torso and hand movements were recorded in 3D with an electromagnetic tracking system (Polhemus Liberty) at 240 Hz and the magnitude of the resultant angular velocity vector of each segment was computed. </div>
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The results showed a significant proximal-to-distal temporal relationship and a concomitant successive increase in maximum (peak) segment angular speed in every shot condition for both genders and levels of expertise. A proximal-to-distal utilization of interaction torques is indicated. Using a common PDS movement strategy in partial and full-swing golf shots appears beneficial from mechanical and control points of view and could serve the purpose of providing both high speed and accuracy.</div>
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<li style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=keywordsfield%3A(%22Accuracy%22)" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">Accuracy</a>, </li>
<li style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=keywordsfield%3A(%22golf%22)" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">golf</a>, </li>
<li style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=keywordsfield%3A(%22proximal%5C-to%5C-distal%22)" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">proximal-to-distal</a>, </li>
<li style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=keywordsfield%3A(%22sequencing%22)" style="color: #104083; text-decoration: none;">sequencing</a>, </li>
<li style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=keywordsfield%3A(%22speed%22)" style="color: #104083;">speed</a></li>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-70132195866564877962011-11-16T13:43:00.001-05:002011-11-16T13:46:07.402-05:00Sport-Related Concussions in United States High Schools<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/11/2304?rss=1" style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Assessment and Management of Sport-Related Concussions in United States High Schools<div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">Meehan, W. P., d'Hemecourt, P., Collins, C. L., Comstock, R. D.</span></span><div class="entry-likers" style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 650px;">
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<b>Background</b>: Little existing data describe which medical professionals and which medical studies are used to assess sport-related concussions in high school athletes.<br />
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<b>Purpose</b>: To describe the medical providers and medical studies used when assessing sport-related concussions. To determine the effects of medical provider type on timing of return to play, frequency of imaging, and frequency of neuropsychological testing.<br />
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<b>Study Design</b>: Descriptive epidemiology study.<br />
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<b>Methods</b>: All concussions recorded by the High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) injury surveillance system during the 2009 to 2010 academic year were included. <sup>2</sup> analyses were conducted for categorical variables. Fisher exact test was used for nonparametric data. Logistic regression analyses were used when adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical significance was considered for <i>P</i> < .05.<br />
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<b>Results</b>: The HS RIO recorded 1056 sport-related concussions, representing 14.6% of all injuries. Most (94.4%) concussions were assessed by athletic trainers (ATs), 58.8% by a primary care physician. Few concussions were managed by specialists. The assessment of 21.2% included computed tomography. Computerized neuropsychological testing was used for 41.2%. For 50.1%, a physician decided when to return the athlete to play; for 46.2%, the decision was made by an AT. After adjusting for potential confounders, no associations between timing of return to play and the type of provider (physician vs AT) deciding to return the athlete to play were found.<br />
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<b>Conclusion</b>: Concussions account for nearly 15% of all sport-related injuries in high school athletes. The timing of return to play after a sport-related concussion is similar regardless of whether the decision to return the athlete to play is made by a physician or an AT. When a medical doctor is involved, most concussions are assessed by primary care physicians as opposed to subspecialists. Computed tomography is obtained during the assessment of 1 of every 5 concussions occurring in high school athletes.</div>
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<abbr class="slug-jnl-abbrev" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;" title="The American Journal of Sports Medicine">Am J Sports Med</abbr><span class="slug-pub-date" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;"> November 2011 </span><span class="slug-vol" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">vol. 39 </span><span class="slug-issue" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">no. 11 </span><span class="slug-pages" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">2304-2310</span><br />
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-51487430653804243862011-11-15T08:57:00.001-05:002011-11-15T09:09:25.512-05:00Two Federal Studies Undertaken by the University of South Florida Point to Chiropractic Engagement to Aid in Injury Prevention<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Two Federal Studies Undertaken by the University of South Florida Point to Chiropractic Engagement to Aid in Injury Prevention</h2>
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The Federal government has awarded the University of South Florida (USF), School of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences $1.42 million to research the effectiveness of specific exercise interventions for reducing the risk of back injuries amongst some of the nation’s most vulnerable — firefighters and military personnel.</div>
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“Back injury is a primary condition that dramatically affects our nation’s heroes — cited as a top reason for disability and early retirement amongst firefighters, and a top non-combat reason for service men and women being displaced from active duty,” says John Mayer, D.C., Ph.D, associate professor and Lincoln College Endowed Chair in Biomechanical and <a href="http://www.rosachiropractictemplehills.com/">Chiropractic</a> Research at USF, and lead researcher in the $715,000 Department of Defense (DOD) and $701,000 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) studies. “These studies will be the first to be led by a Doctor of Chiropractic at a major university that will attempt to identify the preventive outcomes of applying specific exercise interventions amongst firefighters and soldiers.”</div>
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Each study will be conducted in several phases carried out over the next few years.</div>
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With research already in progress, the FEMA study will include 106 participants headquartered at a Tampa, Fla., fire department. Participants will undergo 24 weeks of bi-weekly supervised training sessions consisting of particular stability and resistance exercises with the goal of improving back muscular endurance — commonly documented as a direct link to back pain.</div>
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Expected to begin in spring 2012, the DOD study will include 600 active duty US Army soldiers and will provide a perspective that complements<strong> </strong>traditional directions of treatment-focus. Instead, the study will assess preventive methods by implementing and evaluating targeted high intensity exercise interventions designed to strengthen the back extensor muscles.</div>
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“<a href="http://www.rosachiropractictemplehills.com/">Chiropractic</a> engagement with regards to specific exercise interventions and their potential to prevent back conditions has continued to gain momentum,” says Mayer. “Federal agencies are now recognizing the skills of Doctors of <a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/">Chiropractic</a> to address prevention and treatment of back injury for our national heroes.”</div>
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To learn more about either study, visit <a href="http://cts.businesswire.com/ct/CT?id=smartlink&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.usf.edu&esheet=50042609&lan=en-US&anchor=www.health.usf.edu&index=1&md5=e580ffd2da8aa299a34f26a08bed192d" style="color: #0e5280; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">www.health.usf.edu</a>.</div>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-14602049499902000282011-11-14T09:13:00.001-05:002011-11-14T09:20:04.853-05:00Functional Knee Brace after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction not recommended.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM7Bro1k6FNM-TFO8gBZKfhTBM8Y7rtHxQrvqetUTH4-40n7xff7DS2kW_y5EQrq3YT729eDho_x4tV-FGI959_eybVnearrKFIxRLxKoGg61wQN9NaNeJvVCLNeXG2sqN7iTQAH-eQR4/s1600/functional+knee+brace.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM7Bro1k6FNM-TFO8gBZKfhTBM8Y7rtHxQrvqetUTH4-40n7xff7DS2kW_y5EQrq3YT729eDho_x4tV-FGI959_eybVnearrKFIxRLxKoGg61wQN9NaNeJvVCLNeXG2sqN7iTQAH-eQR4/s320/functional+knee+brace.jpg" width="158" /></a></div>
I have often expressed my personal dislike of the over use of bracing in general and feel that in most cases it is over utilized. This study supports my previous statements that functional knee brace's are not helpful and we should focus on Rehabilitation not bracing. <br />
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<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Functional Knee Brace and Neoprene Sleeve Use After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction</span></h1>
<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<li id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Trevor+B.+Birmingham&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Trevor B. Birmingham</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-1" id="xref-target-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a>, </li>
<li id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Dianne+M.+Bryant&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Dianne M. Bryant</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-1" id="xref-target-1-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>,</li>
<li id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=J.+Robert+Giffin&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">J. Robert Giffin</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD, FRCS(C)</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-1" id="xref-target-1-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, </li>
<li id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Robert+B.+Litchfield&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Robert B. Litchfield</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD, FRCS(C)</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-1" id="xref-target-1-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>,</li>
<li id="contrib-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=John+F.+Kramer&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">John F. Kramer</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, </li>
<li id="contrib-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Allan+Donner&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Allan Donner</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a>, and </li>
<li id="contrib-7" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Peter+J.+Fowler&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Peter J. Fowler</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD, FRCS(C)</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-1" id="xref-target-1-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a><span class="xref-sep" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.33em;">,</span><a class="xref-" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#target-2" id="xref-target-2-7" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a></li>
</span></ol>
<div class="affiliation-list-reveal" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a class="view-more" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/36/4/648.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: gray; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: #202088; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; height: 0.9em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: -2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1.3em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">+</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Author Affiliations</span></div>
<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
From the <sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">†</sup>Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, and the <sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‡</sup>University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada</address>
</span></li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Address correspondence to Trevor B. Birmingham, PhD, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 1H1 (e-mail: <a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?view=cm&fs=1&tf=1&to=tbirming@uwo.ca" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;" target="_blank">tbirming@uwo.ca</a>).</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Abstract</span></h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background:</strong> Despite a lack of evidence for their effectiveness, functional knee braces are commonly prescribed to patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.</span></div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Purpose:</strong> This trial was conducted to compare postoperative outcomes in patients using an ACL functional knee brace and patients using a neoprene knee sleeve.</span></div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Hypothesis:</strong> Patients using a brace will have superior outcomes than those using a sleeve.</span></div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Study Design:</strong> Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.</span></div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</strong> One hundred fifty patients were randomized to receive a brace (n = 76) or neoprene sleeve (n = 74) at their 6-week postoperative visit after primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft. Patients were assessed preoperatively, then 6 weeks and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Outcome measures included disease-specific quality of life (Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Quality of Life [ACL-QOL] Questionnaire), anterior tibial translation (KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference), the single-limb forward hop test (limb symmetry index), and Tegner Activity Scale. Outcomes at 1 and 2 years were compared after adjusting for baseline scores. Subjective ratings of how patients felt while using the brace/sleeve were also collected for descriptive purposes using a questionnaire. Four a priori directional subgroup hypotheses were evaluated using tests for interactions.</span></div>
<div id="p-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</strong> There were no significant differences between brace (n = 62) and sleeve (n = 65) groups for any of the outcomes at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Adjusted mean differences at 2 years were as follows: −0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], −7.52 to 5.64) for the ACL-QOL Questionnaire, −0.10 mm (95% CI, −0.99 to 0.81) for KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference, −0.87% (95% CI, −8.89 to 7.12) for hop limb symmetry index, and −0.05 (95% CI, −0.72 to 0.62) for the Tegner Activity Scale. Subjective ratings of confidence in the knee provided by the brace/sleeve were higher for the brace group than the sleeve group. Subgroup findings were minimal. Adverse events were few and similar between groups.</span></div>
<div id="p-7" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusions:</strong> A functional knee brace does not result in superior outcomes compared with a neoprene sleeve after ACL reconstruction. Current evidence does not support the recommendation of using an ACL functional knee brace after ACL reconstruction.</span></div>
<h3 class="kwd-header" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Keywords:</span></h3>
<ul class="kwd-group" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 0.833em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=anterior+cruciate+ligament+(ACL)+reconstruction&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=functional+knee+brace&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">functional knee brace</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=neoprene+sleeve,+randomized+clinical+trial+(RCT)&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">neoprene sleeve, randomized clinical trial (RCT)</a></span></li>
</span></ul>
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Footnotes</h2>
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<img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-69009602541699465912011-11-09T14:08:00.002-05:002011-11-09T14:08:27.000-05:00Blood Donation, Recovery and Peak Aerobic Power.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Interesting little study!<br />
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<a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/">Time Course for Recovery of Peak Aerobic Power After Blood Donation</a><div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">Judd, Tyler B; Cornish, Stephen M; Barss, Trevor S; Oroz, Irina; Chilibeck, Philip D</span></span><div class="entry-likers" style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 650px;">
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Judd, TB, Cornish, SM, Barss, TS, Oroz, I, and Chilibeck, PD. Time course for recovery of peak aerobic power after blood donation. J Strength Cond Res 25(11): 3035–3038, 2011—</div>
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Peak aerobic power (V̇O2peak) is decreased after blood donation, but the time course for full recovery is unknown. We measured V̇O2peak and exercise time to fatigue before and weekly for 4 weeks after 450-ml blood donation at a blood donor clinic, to determine the time course of recovery. Twelve moderately active individuals (2 women, 10 men; 24.3 ± 5.2 years) of average aerobic fitness (based on their V̇O2peak relative to normative values) completed V̇O2peak exercise tests before donation, the day after donation, and at weekly intervals for 4 weeks after donation. V̇O2peak was determined by an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. At baseline, mean absolute and relative V̇O2peak values were 4.06 ± 0.92 L·min−1 and 46.6 ± 7.0 ml·kg−1·min−1, respectively. V̇O2peak was significantly decreased on day 1 (3.85 ± 0.89 L·min−1; 44.0 ± 6.5 ml·kg−1·min−1) and during week 2 (3.91 ± 0.97 L·min−1; 44.5 ± 7.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) after blood donation (p < 0.05), and recovered at week 3 after donation. Time to fatigue and peak heart rate were not significantly affected by blood donation. </div>
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We conclude that blood donation causes a significant decrease in V̇O2peak for between 2 and 3 weeks. The practical application of this study is that aerobic power in people of average fitness will be decreased, up to 3 weeks after donating blood. Despite this, there is no effect of blood donation on performance as measured by time to fatigue during an incremental test on a cycle ergometer.</div>
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<a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/"><img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /> </a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-22148657153100152872011-11-07T10:00:00.001-05:002011-11-07T10:00:53.432-05:00NFL and Hamstring injuries why so many this year?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: right; color: #403838; float: right; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQhK3kP5NVx73QVDvBOQ_dVuxhr2cmqc8am8Lt4mympulJQLOuQYV_FL7fgADZse9lIOLW8mFBUJEMMfY8z6ffCzIm1juGfodVvuoCggTwlPdHZhGo2VLbidiyfws6QddbQjYHaTMvts/s1600/hamtrings" /></h1>
<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #403838; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;">Why so many Hamstring injuries in NFL this Year? Most of these types of injuries occur in players that are at high speed positions and during the the short preseason. Now if you take away access to proper training during the off season by the trainers on their teams and sprinkle in almost no off season </span>preparation<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;"> and a </span>shorted<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;"> preseason you have a recipe for disaster. I would also add that the injury rate has increased overall this season compared to previous season for the very same reason. The body does not like it when it is rushed in its development. For those of you that have heard <a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/">me lecture</a> on this topic you are </span>familiar<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;"> with the concept that it take a greater amount of time for ligaments and tendon insertions to increase in tensile strength then for muscles to gain in power and strength. So if this process is rushed you will see that either the tendon or ligaments </span>begin<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;"> to fail with micro tears that can </span>develop<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: inherit;"> into more serious injuries. This study was published in April of this year take a look!</span></span></h1>
<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<h1 id="article-title-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.8em; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hamstring Muscle Strains in Professional Football Players</h1>
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A 10-Year Review</h2>
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<div class="contributors" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Marcus+C.+C.+W.+Elliott&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Marcus C. C. W. Elliott</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/4/843.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">*</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Bertram+Zarins&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Bertram Zarins</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, MD</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/4/843.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">†</a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=John+W.+Powell&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">John W. Powell</a></span><span class="contrib-degrees" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">, PhD, ATC</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/4/843.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;">‡</a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="name" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="name-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?author1=Charles+D.+Kenyon&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0px; white-space: nowrap;">Charles D. Kenyon</a></span></li>
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<ol class="affiliation-list hideaffil" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; left: -9999px; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%; margin-top: 1em; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 5000px;">
<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-1" name="aff-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">*</sup>Peak Performance Project, Santa Barbara, California</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-2" name="aff-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">†</sup>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-3" name="aff-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<sup style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit;">‡</sup>Graduate Athletic Training Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan</address>
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<li class="aff" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="" id="aff-4" name="aff-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #7e0203; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0.2em;"></a><address style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
Investigation performed at Peak Performance Project, Santa Barbara, California</address>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="corresp-label" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-style: inherit; line-height: 0; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: super;">§</span><a class="rev-xref" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/4/843.short?rss=1&amp%3bssource=mfr#xref-corresp-1-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;">↵</a>Charles D. Kenyon, Peak Performance Project, 110 Santa Barbara Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 (e-mail: <a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?view=cm&fs=1&tf=1&to=charlie.kenyon@gmail.com" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 0em;" target="_blank">charlie.kenyon@gmail.com</a>).</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-1" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 style="border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Background</strong>: Investigations into hamstring strain injuries at the elite level exist in sports such as Australian Rules football, rugby, and soccer, but no large-scale study exists on the incidence and circumstances surrounding these injuries in the National Football League (NFL).</div>
<div id="p-2" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Hypothesis</strong>: Injury rates will vary between different player positions, times in the season, and across different playing situations.</div>
<div id="p-3" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Study Design</strong>: Descriptive epidemiology study.</div>
<div id="p-4" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods</strong>: Between 1989 and 1998, injury data were prospectively collected by athletic trainers for every NFL team and recorded in the NFL’s Injury Surveillance System. Data collected included team, date of injury, activity the player was engaged in at the time of injury, injury severity, position played, mechanism of injury, and history of previous injury. Injury rates were reported in injuries per athlete-exposure (A-E). An athlete-exposure was defined as 1 athlete participating in either 1 practice or 1 game.</div>
<div id="p-5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Results</strong>: Over the 10-year study period 1716 hamstring strains were reported for an injury rate (IR) of 0.77 per 1000 A-E. More than half (51.3%) of hamstring strains occurred during the 7-week preseason. The preseason practice IR was significantly elevated compared with the regular-season practice IR (0.82/1000 A-E and 0.18/1000 A-E, respectively). The most commonly injured positions were the defensive secondary, accounting for 23.1% of the injuries; the wide receivers, accounting for 20.8%; and special teams, constituting 13.0% of the injuries in the study.</div>
<div id="p-6" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</strong>: Hamstring strains are a considerable cause of disability in football, with the majority of injuries occurring during the short preseason. In particular, the speed position players, such as the wide receivers and defensive secondary, as well as players on the special teams units, are at elevated risk for injury. These positions and situations with a higher risk of <a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/">injury</a> provide foci for preventative interventions.</div>
</div>
<h3 class="kwd-header" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #403838; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.4em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Keywords:</h3>
<ul class="kwd-group" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-top-style: dotted; border-top-width: 1px; color: #403838; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.833em; font-weight: bold; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=National+Football+League&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">National Football League</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=NFL&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NFL</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=injury&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">injury</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=muscle+strain&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">muscle strain</a></span></li>
<li class="kwd" style="background-color: #d8d8d8; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.7em; margin-right: 0.7em; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/search?fulltext=hamstring&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #202088; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">hamstring</a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br />
<br />
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<abbr class="slug-jnl-abbrev" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;" title="The American Journal of Sports Medicine">Am J Sports Med</abbr><span class="slug-pub-date" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;"> April 2011</span><span class="slug-vol" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">vol. 39 </span><span class="slug-issue" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">no. 4 </span><span class="slug-pages" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333300; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Arial, 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: -webkit-auto; vertical-align: baseline;">843-850</span><br />
<a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/"><img src="http://i261.photobucket.com/albums/ii68/jaimeemartinez/Blog%20Designs/Rick%20Rosa/Rosasignature.png" /></a> <a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/">www.recoverydoc.net</a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-75738865863458781482011-11-04T06:10:00.000-04:002011-11-04T06:42:49.652-04:00Aging and Running Economy Whats happens?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Aging and Factors Related to Running Economy</h2>
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Quinn, Timothy J1; Manley, Michelle J1; Aziz, Jason2; Padham, Jamie L3; MacKenzie, Allison M4</h3>
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Abstract</span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;">Quinn, TJ, Manley, MJ, Aziz, J, Padham, JL, and MacKenzie, AM. Aging and factors related to running economy. <em>J Strength Cond Res</em> 25(11): 2971–2979, 2011—</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtpJ9MB6Qx2Jn5mnGoeoCKBigB2mVJ8e7zcFGg6jdwXQeE1_wsAldGSkVF1bsdvFuY2bLoxiov2-2J7olfqqziXLOGlnepUFim-MI0DifuuDC6v0nv-fNWQOy8BxdlhlvVc3cWNU_b7ks/s1600/running.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtpJ9MB6Qx2Jn5mnGoeoCKBigB2mVJ8e7zcFGg6jdwXQeE1_wsAldGSkVF1bsdvFuY2bLoxiov2-2J7olfqqziXLOGlnepUFim-MI0DifuuDC6v0nv-fNWQOy8BxdlhlvVc3cWNU_b7ks/s200/running.jpg" width="149" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship that age has on factors affecting running economy (RE) in competitive distance runners. Fifty-one male and female subelite distance runners (Young [Y]: 18–39 years [<em>n</em> = 18]; Master [M]: 40–59 years [<em>n</em> = 22]; and Older [O]: 60–older [<em>n</em> = 11]) were measured for RE, step rate, lactate threshold (LT), V̇O<sub>2</sub>max, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, power, and body composition. An RE test was conducted at 4 different velocities (161, 188, 215, and 241 m·min<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>), with subjects running for 5 minutes at each velocity. The steady-state V̇O<sub>2</sub> during the last minute of each stage was recorded and plotted vs. speed, and a regression equation was formulated.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;"> A 1 × 3 analysis of variance revealed no differences in the slopes of the RE regression lines among age groups (<em>y</em> = 0.1827<em>x</em> − 0.2974; <em>R</em><sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">2</sup> = 0.9511 [Y]; <em>y</em> = 0.1988<em>x</em> − 1.0416; <em>R</em><sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">2</sup> = 0.9697 [M]; <em>y</em> = 0.1727<em>x</em> + 3.0252; <em>R</em><sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">2</sup> = 0.9618 [O]). The V̇O<sub>2</sub>max was significantly lower in the O group compared to in the Y and M groups (Y = 64.1 ± 3.2; M = 56.8 ± 2.7; O = 44.4 ± 1.7 mlO<sub>2</sub>·kg<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>·min<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>). The maximal heart rate and velocity @ LT were significantly different among all age groups (Y = 197 ± 4; M = 183 ± 2; O = 170 ± 6 b·min<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup> and Y = 289.7 ± 27.0; M = 251.5 ± 32.9; O = 212.3 ± 24.6 m·min<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>, respectively). The V̇O<sub>2</sub> @ LT was significantly lower in the O group compared to in the Y and M groups (Y = 50.3 ± 2.0; M = 48.8 ± 2.9; O = 34.9 ± 3.2 mlO<sub>2</sub>·kg<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>·min<sup style="font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;">−1</sup>). The O group was significantly lower than in the Y and M groups in flexibility, power, and upper body strength. Multiple regression analyses showed that strength and power were significantly related to running velocity.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f4f4f4; font-family: Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;"> The results from this cross-sectional analysis suggest that age-related declines in running performance are associated with declines in maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory variables and declines in strength and power, not because of declines in running economy.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14727516922929927491noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4859324339431844345.post-39491753791191737882011-11-02T17:34:00.003-04:002011-11-02T17:34:27.037-04:00Baseball Pitching injuries: Dont forget about the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a class="entry-title-link" href="http://ajs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/39/10/2181?rss=1" style="color: #222222; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Management and Outcomes of Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Injuries in Professional Baseball Pitchers<div class="entry-title-go-to" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://www.google.com/reader/ui/3904077461-entry-action-icons.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% -413px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 0.4; padding-left: 16px;">
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<span class="entry-author-parent">by <span class="entry-author-name">Nagda, S. H., Cohen, S. B., Noonan, T. J., Raasch, W. G., Ciccotti, M. G., Yocum, L. A.</span></span><div class="entry-likers" style="display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 650px;">
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<b>Background</b>: Very little data exist on latissimus dorsi (LD) and teres major (TM) injuries in professional baseball pitchers.<br />
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<b>Purpose</b>: This review was undertaken to report on the management and outcomes of baseball pitchers with injury to 1 or both of these muscles.<br />
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<b>Study Design</b>: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<br />
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<b>Methods</b>: A retrospective review of 16 professional baseball pitchers diagnosed and treated for an LD and/or TM tear between 2002 and 2008 was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. The mean age was 28.1 years. All were treated nonoperatively with rest, rehabilitation, and return to pitching after a throwing program. The injuries included tendon avulsions in 6 athletes and strains in 10. Length of disabled time, return to prior level of pitching, and recurrences were noted.<br />
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<b>Results</b>: Fifteen of 16 pitchers (94%) returned to the same or higher level of play. The mean time to throwing was 35.6 days. Mean time to pitching was 61.9 days. Nine of 16 injuries (56%) were season-ending. Mean total time lost for athletes returning the same season was 82.4 days. Two of 16 pitchers (13%) sustained recurrent injuries. Prior shoulder and elbow injuries were noted in 75% (12 of 16).<br />
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<b>Conclusion</b>:<a href="http://www.recoverydoc.net/"> Injury</a> of the LD and/or TM can occur in pitchers. Nonoperative treatment is successful in allowing a return to high-level pitching.</div>
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